SOC management: Remaining battery capacity, health status assessment, power state estimation.

Safety protection technology: 6-layer protection including overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, overtemperature, low temperature and short circuit.

Electrical and hardware core technologies: High-precision acquisition, insulation monitoring (IMD), high-voltage relay control

Thermal management technology: liquid cooling / air cooling / direct cooling with refrigerant strategy, cell temperature difference control ≤ 3 - 5℃, low-temperature heating, high-temperature cooling, fast charging temperature control

Communication and Functional Safety: DTC Fault Codes, Black Box Records, Cloud Upload

Cell modelization: OCV-SOC curve, impedance model, thermal model

Self-learning algorithm: Adapted to different aging, temperatures, and working conditions

Active safety: Predictive protection, not protection only when an accident occurs

Cloud-based BMS: Big data analysis, lifespan prediction, remote upgrade